Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: Indium (III) chloride inhibits testicular Leydig cell proliferation by disrupting centrosome copy numbers

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2026.13891

Figure Lengend Snippet: Genomic instability is observed in InCl 3 -treated TM3 cells. InCl 3 induces enlarged nuclei and micronuclei (as indicated by white arrowheads) in TM3 cells. (A) Nuclear shapes of CTL and InCl 3 -treated TM3 cells were analyzed using DAPI staining. The right panel represents enlarged views of selected regions. Micronuclei, small DAPI staining near the nucleus, are indicated by the arrowheads. Mitotic cells were identified and are marked with red circles. Scale bar, 10 µm. (B) Quantitative results of the nuclear area shown through DAPI staining. (C) Quantification of the proportions of cells with micronuclei [as indicated by selected regions 1 and 2 of (A), right panel]. (D) InCl 3 treatment did not affect the mitotic index. The proportions of mitotic cells (mitotic index) were quantified. (E) InCl 3 treatment reduced the levels of testosterone in the culture medium of TM3 cells. Quantitative results of relative testosterone levels measured through ELISA in the absence or presence of InCl 3 . InCl 3 treatment reduced steroidogenic gene expression. (F) Schematic diagram of testosterone production. Quantitative results of relative mRNA levels of (G) StAR, (H) HSD3B and (I) CYP11A1. Results are presented as mean ± SD from ≥3 independent experiments. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. n.s., not significant; InCl 3 , indium chloride; StAR, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; HSD3B, 3-β-hydroxy-δ-steroid dehydrogenase; CYP11A1, cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1; E, enlarged nuclei; CTL, control.

Article Snippet: Mouse serum testosterone levels were quantified using a commercially available Mouse T Testosterone ELISA kit (cat. no. EM1850-HS; Wuhan Fine Biotech Co., Ltd.), according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Gene Expression, Control